808,000 unemployed individuals contributed to EI program, down from 867,000 in 2011
The rate of eligibility for receiving regular employment insurance (EI) benefits in 2012 was 81.9 per cent, up from 78.4 per cent in 2011 and similar to rates observed prior to the 2008-2009 recession, according to Statistics Canada.
The most notable change from 2011 was a higher eligibility rate for those aged 25 to 44, returning it to historical averages.
To be eligible to receive regular benefits, unemployed individuals must have contributed to the EI program, met the criteria for job separation and accumulated enough insurable hours.
In 2012, 808,000 unemployed individuals contributed to the EI program, down from 867,000 a year earlier.
Of the 808,000 contributors, about 629,000 had a job separation that met the EI program criteria. Of those, 515,000 or 81.9 per cent had worked enough hours and were eligible to receive EI, up from 78.4 per cent in 2011. The rate in 2012 was similar to rates observed from 2003 to 2008, but lower than the high of 86.2 per cent recorded in 2009, during the recession.
Non-contribution rate
Of the 1.31 million unemployed people in Canada in 2012, 38.3 per cent had not contributed to EI. As a result, they were not eligible for regular benefits. The non-contribution rate in 2012 was slightly higher than the 35.5 per cent observed in 2011, and the highest since comparable data began in 2003.
There were two main reasons for not contributing to EI for the purpose of receiving regular EI benefits: not having worked in the previous 12 months, which includes those who have never worked, and non-insurable employment (that is, being self-employed).
Contributors with an invalid job separation
Contributors who left their last job for a reason not deemed valid by the EI program are not eligible for regular benefits. Among the 808,000 unemployed EI contributors in 2012, 180,000 or 22.2 per cent had an invalid job separation. This was up from 19.8 per cent in 2011 and 18.2 per cent in 2010, but similar to shares observed before the recession.
In 2012, among unemployed men who were EI contributors, 20.3 per cent had left their job for a reason that deemed them unable to collect regular benefits, compared with 25.1 per cent of women contributors. This gap between men and women, explained by quits not related to going back to school, was similar to differences observed from 2003 to 2010.
Provincially, the Prairies and Ontario had the highest proportions of unemployed contributors with invalid job separations, led by Alberta at 31.3 per cent. In Saskatchewan, the proportion was 26.4 per cent, while Ontario's was 25.3 per cent and Manitoba's was 24 per cent. The Atlantic provinces had the lowest proportion, at 11.5 per cent.
Employment insurance eligibility up for both men and women
Of the 629,000 unemployed individuals who had contributed to the EI program and had a valid job separation in 2012, 388,000 were men and 241,000 were women.
In 2012, 81.9 per cent of both unemployed men and women who contributed to the EI program and had a valid job separation were eligible for regular EI benefits as they had enough insurable hours. These rates were up from 2011, when 79.4 per cent of men and 77 per cent of women were eligible, but were down slightly compared with 2010.
Eligibility rate up for those aged 25 to 44
Following a record-low eligibility rate of 81.7 per cent in 2011, the rate among those aged 25 to 44 increased to 86.9 per cent in 2012, which is around the historical average for this age group.
One factor likely explains most of this rebound for this age group: the increase in hours worked by contributors with a valid job separation who last worked in a temporary, non-seasonal job. In 2011, the average was 640 hours for this group, while in 2012, the average hours worked was 880 hours, similar to levels seen in preceding years. These higher average hours improved the likelihood that those in this group would be eligible for EI benefits in 2012.
Eligibility rates differed by age group. In 2012, 45.2 per cent of people aged 15 to 24 who had a valid job separation were eligible to receive regular EI benefits. This compares with 86.9 per cent for those aged 25 to 44 and 88.9 per cent for those aged 45 and over. This gap in eligibility between youths and other age groups is consistent over time.
Employment insurance eligibility by province
EI eligibility rates in 2012 in the provinces either rose (New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia) or stayed at a relatively similar level compared with 2011.
In both Quebec and Ontario, contributors with a valid job separation had gains in total average hours worked in the previous job compared with 2011, mostly from a higher share of those who last worked in a full-time position.
Maternity and parental benefits
Coverage and eligibility of mothers for maternity or parental benefits have been relatively unchanged since 2003.
In 2012, 77.9 per cent of all recent mothers (those with a child aged 12 months or less) had insurable employment, compared with 76.6 per cent in 2011. Among these insured mothers, 88.2 per cent were receiving maternity or parental benefits, virtually unchanged from 2011.
Quebec, which has the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP), had the highest share of recent mothers with insurable employment (85.7per cent) and the highest share of insured recent mothers receiving maternity or parental benefits (96.9 per cent).
For all provinces combined, the share of recent fathers who claimed or intended to claim parental leave in 2012 was 25.4 per cent, down from 29.3 per cent in 2011.
The QPIP, which was introduced in 2006, has a major impact on the number of fathers who claimed or intended to claim parental benefits. It includes leave that applies exclusively to fathers. The proportion of fathers in Quebec who took or intended to take parental leave has almost tripled since the introduction of the plan, from 27.8 per cent in 2005 to 80.1 per cent in 2012.
Outside Quebec, 9.4 per cent of recent fathers claimed or intended to claim parental leave in 2012, compared with 11 per cent in 2011.
